Unit 28 Task 1 P1, M1, D1

P1; Web Architecture

Client - The client is the device which wants to access the internet. For example a laptop, tablet, mobile phone or desktop. This will have a unique IP address which is usually 13 digits long and helps direct the web page to the device when you have searched for it.

HUB - This is the homehub or router provided by the ISP which you have paid for.

ISP -  An internet service provider (ISP) is a company or organization that provides internet access and other related services. ISP companies include BT, Sky and Virgin Media. The different type of ISP’s include mailbox, hosting, transit, free and access to the internet.

Web Hosting Services - A web hosting service is a type of internet hosting service that allows users of the companies and organizations to make their websites accessible via the world wide

web.

Domain Registrar -  This is an organisation which provides a domain registration service to an individual or company that wants access or to own a specific web address. An example of this is Google and YAHOO! This will also have a specific IP address which will direct the web page back to the client.

World Wide Web - This is a system that is used worldwide and consists of interconnected computer networks and internet servers which support certain specially formatted documents. These are directed back to the client using the unique IP address.

Components;

Hardware -  These are the physical machinery and device used to make up the computer system. This includes wires, tablets and desktops.

Router - This is a device which is connected to the landline and transfers packets of data along networks. The router uses information from an incoming data packet and then determines where the data packet will go to next. This could result in the web page appearing on the screen of the device which you are using.  

Software -

This is the computer programs used inside the device.Software can be installed or downloaded to the device which you are using. For example when you install google chrome, you can then access the internet.

M1

Web 2.0 -  This is the second generation of the world wide web which allows users to come together and share web pages. Web 2.0 is characterised by the visible change from static web pages to web pages that are specific to the user. An example of this is social media.

Blogs - Blogs are a web page that an author has set up themselves that can be updated whenever they want. Blogs are usually an online journal which can be read by the public if the author allows consent to do this. Blogs are based upon the author's personality and interests.

Online Application - This is a program that runs in a web browser and is created  in a browser-supported programming language which relies on a web browser to the application.

Some online applications include flash games, calendars and calculators.   

Cloud Computing - This is a way of storing and accessing data over the internet instead of storing it on the hard drive of a computer. An example of this is iCloud and Google Drive which allow you to access documents and files which you have saved online.

D1

TCP/IP - The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has two layers, the first is the section that handles all of the data that is being sent to other computers. The TCP/IP is pre-loaded onto any other device which you purchase that has pre-installed internet e.g ChromeBook. The main role f the TCP is to compact all of the data being processed into smaller packets which are then sent to the required destination.

To determine the destination, the main packets will be sent to the second layer of the protocol (IP) is used to obtain the web page address which the data is being sent to. The protocol adds the address to the packet, this section is read and handled with first before moving the packet. This is because it can identify the IP address which the packet will be sent to.

HTTP - This stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and the purpose is to distribute hypertext across the internet.

HTTPS - This stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure and does the exact same as HTTP but is just more secure. HTTPS are used when using online banking and  exchanging sensitive data.

SMPT -  This stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and is the internet standard for electronic mail transmission. This allows users to send electronic mail between two computers or devices. For example Gmail.




Diagram showing how the internet works ;